The Chandra Observatory has by far the deepest X-ray surveys ever performed. I will discuss how these data, when combined with information locally, are starting to give meaningful constraints on the star formation rates of high redshift galaxies. These may help to bridge the gap in understanding between UV and FIR/submm measures of the global start formation density. In addition, deep X-ray observations are offering new insight into the submm populations, the connection between AGN and starbursts at high redshifts, and the importance of accretion power in the universe.